jkpoh; tuyhw;wpy; rhpnra;a Ntz;ba kpfg; nghpa JNuhfk;

jkpo; gy;fiyf; fof ,af;f nrhj;J #iwahly;!

njhlh;;r;rp 2

gp.v];.Fkhud;

1961 rpj;jpiuj; jpq;fspy; jkpo; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; KjyhtJ fy;tp Mz;L Muk;gkhFk; vd j.g.f.,af;fj;jpduhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. 1959f;Fk; 1961f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l 3 tUl fhyk; jkpo; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;f;fhd fl;blg;gzpfs; njl;Lf;$lg; ghh;f;fg;glhkNy fope;jJ. RUf;fkhfr; nrhy;tjhdhy;> ,e;j %d;W tUlfhy ,ilntspapy; jkpo; gyfiyf;fof fl;bl eph;khzj;jpw;fhf ehl;lg;gl;l mbf;fy;ypd; jlaNk mope;J NghapUf;ff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

1966y; mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ue;j I.Nj.f jiyikapyhd Njrpa muR cau; fy;tpr; rl;lk; xd;wpid epiwNtw;wpaJ. ,r;rl;lkhdJ> jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fofq;fis jil nra;jJ. jkpo; gy;fiyf;fof eph;khzj;jpw;fhd fyehl;L tpoh ,lk;ngw;w 1959f;Fk;>1966f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l 8tUl fhyk; jkpo; gy;fiyf;fof eph;khzk; njhlh;ghf vJtpj mf;fiwAk; nfhz;buhjth;fsfd jkpo; gy;fiyf; ;fofj;jpdh; Nkw;gb rl;l%yj;ij rhl;lhff; nfhz;L jkpo; gyfiyf;fof jpl;lj;ij iftpl;ldh;.

jkpo; gy;fiyf;fof eph;khzk; eilngwg;Nghtjpy;iy vd;gJ epl;rakhdJk; Nguhrphpah;fshd A.W.kapy;thfdk;> A.rpd;dj;jk;gp Mfpa ,UtUk; jkpo; gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;w ed;Nehf;fpy; xU tif jpahfkhf Mff;Fiwe;j tpiyapy; jkJ epyq;fis j.g.f.,af;fj;jpw;f;F toq;fp xj;jhir Ghpe;j jpUf;Nfhzkiy G+h;tPff; ;Fbkf;fspd; epyq;fis> mth;fSf;F nfhLj;j thf;FWjpf;fpzq;f kPsTk; mth;fsplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd thjpl;ldh;. mth;fspd; epahakhd thjj;ij j.g.f ,af;fj;jpd; Kf;fpa cWg;gpdh;fspy; xU gphptpdh; Vw;fkWj;jdh;. ,jidaLj;J jkpoh; jhafj;jpd; kj;jpa gpuNjrkhd jpUf;Nfhzkiyapy; jkpo; gy;fiyf; fofk; xd;iw epWtp jkpo; kf;fspd; Ra eph;za chpikia cWjpnra;jpl ,jaG+h;tkhf cioj;j Nguhrphpah;fs; ,UtUk; j.g.f. ,af;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;ldh;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; Kd;dzp tfpj;jth; j.g.f.,af;fj;jpd; jpUf;Nfhzkiy gpuNjr gpujpepjpAk;> ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;ghsh; rig cWg;gpdh;fspy; xUtUkhd fpwp\;zjhrdhFk;.

,q;F Kf;fpakhf ftdpf;fj;jf;f tplak; vd;dntdpy; 1966d; cah;fy;tp jpUj;j rl;l%yj;jpw;f;F fhuzkhd I.Nj.f jiyikapyhd Njrpa murpd; gq;fhspf; fl;rpahf jkpouRf; fl;rpAk;> m., jkpo; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpAk; mq;fk;tfpj;jikahFk;. jkpouRf; fl;rp rhh;ghf Njrpa murpy; mikr;ruhf gjtp tfpj;jth; K;jpUf;nry;tkhFk;> m.,.jkpo; fhq;fpu]; fhh;ghf K.rptrpjk;guk; cgrghehafuhf gjtp Vw;wpUe;jhh;. ,e;jtifapy; cah;fytp rl;l%yj;jpy; jkpouRf; fl;rpAk;> m., jkpo; fhq;fpu]; fl;rpapdUk; gq;fhspfshth;.md;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fof epWtdkhf j.g.f ,af;fk; jtph;e;j NtW jdpahh; gy;fiyf;fof epWtdq;fs; vitAk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wpUe;jjw;fhd rhd;Wfs; vitAk; ,Ue;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. ,e;j epiyapy; Nkw;gb rl;l %yjjpd; Neubj;jhf;fk;; jkpo; gy;fiyf;fof ,af;fj;ij Nehf;fpajhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. ,t;tpjkhd #oypy; jkpouRf; fl;rp I.Nj.f. jiyikapyhd Njrpa muRf;fhd jdJ Mjuit njlh;e;jjhdJ mjd; Rj;Jkhj;J murpaYf;F cWjpahd rhl;rpakhFk;;.. kWGwkhf vl;L tUl fhykhf jkpo; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; nauhy; ,yq;if jkpo;kf;fis Vkhw;wpf;nfhz;be;j j.g.f.,af;fj;jpd; Nkhrbia %bkiwf;f cjtpaJ my;yJ epahag;gLj;jpaJ vdr;nrhy;yyhk;. vJ vt;thwhapDk; jkpo; gy;jiyf;fofj;ij vjph;ghh;j;J gzj;ij thhpf;nfhl;ba jkpo;kf;fs; tl Gy ghuk;ghpaj;ij rhh;e;j nfhOk;Gtho; cah;kl;l jkpoh;fs; rpyuhy; kpfr;Rygkhf Vkhw;wg;gl;lNj tuyhwhfpaJ.

1959w;Fk; 1966w;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; j.g.f.,af;fk; rhjpj;jJ vd;d?

Nkw;gb vl;L tUlfhy ,ilntspapy; nfhOk;G nts;stj;ij myf;rhz;lh; tPjpapy; j.g.f.

,af;fj;jpd; gzpkid Njitf;fhf ngUe;njhif thlifapy; ngwg;gl;bUe;j %d;Wkhb dl;blj; njFjpapy;> “ehtyh; mf;flkp” vd;w ngahpy; ,q;fpyhe;J cah;fy;tp ghpl;irfSf;F Njhw;Wk; khzth;fSf;F gpuj;jpNafkhd tFg;Gfs; elhj;jg;gl;ld. md;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Nkw;gb cah; fy;tpf;F chpath;fshff; fhzg;gl;lth;fs; tlGy ghuk;ghpaj;ijf; nfhz;l nfhOk;Gtho; cah;kl;l jdte;j jkpoh;fspd; gps;isfNsahFk;;.. Nkw;$wg;gl;l tFg;GfSf;F Njitahd tpQ;Qhd Ma;TT$lk;> cahfy;tpf;Fj; Njitahd Ehyfk> Mfpad “ehtyh; kz;lgk;” vd;w ngahpy; epWtg;gl;lJ. ,r;nray;ghLfs; %yk; nfhOk;Gtho; cah;kl;l jkpo; r%fj;jpw;f;F ghhpa Nritahw;g;gl;lJ. Mf eLj;ju> ghku jkpo;kf;fs; nUj;j vjph;ghh;g;Gld; jkpo; gy;fiyf;fofk; xd;wpw;f;fhf thhp toq;fpa gzj;jpy; ngUk;gFjp Nkw;$wg;gl;l Njitf;fhf nryT nra;ag;gl;lJ. j.g.f.,af;fj;jpd; Muk;gNk nfhOk;Gtho; cah;kl;l jkpoh;fspd; wyd; fujpanjd;gjhFk;.

vl;L tUlfhykhf jkpo; gyfiyf;fofk; fl;bKbf;fg;glhikAk; Nkw;f;nfhz;L jkpo; gy;fiyf; fofk; eph;khzpg;gij cah;fy;tpr; rl;lk; jLj;jpUe;jij mwpe;J nfhz;l epyr;nrhe;jf;fhuh;fs; gyUk;> jkf;F toq;fpNahh; gyUk; jkf;F Vw;f;nfdNt nfhLj;j thf;FWjpf;fpzq;f >jkJ epyq;fis kPsf;ifaspf;Fk;gb j.g.f.,af;fj;jpdiu eph;g;ge;jpf;fj; njhlq;fpdh;. rpy epyr;nre;jf;fhuh; j.g.f.,af;fj;jpw;f;Fr vjpuhf rl;leltbf;if %ykhtJ jkJ epyq;fis kPsg;ngWtJ vd;w KbTf;F te;jpUe;jjhfTk; njhpatUfpwJ.

jkpo; gy;fiyf;fofk; eph;khzpf;f Kbahnjd;gJ cWjpahdjd; gpd;gjhfTk; Nkw;gb mikg;gpd; Kf;fpa cWg;gpdh;fshd rpy nghpa kdpjh;fs; epyq;fis chpath;fSf;F ifaspj;J mth;fSf;F nfhLj;j thf;FWjpia fhg;gw;w tpUk;gtpy;iy. kWGwkhf j.g.f.,af;fj;jpw;f;F Mf;fFie;;j tpiyapy; epyq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gjpy;; Kd;dzp tfpj;j jpUf;Nfhzkiy Fl;bgpuG f;fSk; ,t;tptfhuj;jpy; vJtpj mf;fiwAk; nfhs;shky; Mo;e;j Jhf;fj;jpy; ,Ug;gth;fs; Nghy; ebj;Jf; ;nfhz;bUe;jdh;. mth;fisg; nghWj;jtiu jpUf;Nfhzkiy jkpoh;fs; kPjhfNth my;yJ ,yq;if jkpoh;fspd; murpay; chpik njhlh;ghfNth ,jaRj;jpahd mf;fiw nfhz;lth; fsy;yh;> ,t;thwdthfs; jkpohfspd; murpay; Nfhhpf;iffis Vyk;tpl;L jkpopr;rpfspd; jhypia mWj;jhtJ murpay; gjtpfis ifg;gw;wp RfNghf tho;f;ifia Fwpahff; nfhz;L nray;gLgth;fshFk;;

,t;thwhdth;fs;jhd; jpUf;Nfhzkiy jkpoh;fspd; murpay; kw;Wk; nghJtptfhuq;fspd; Vfg;gpujp epjpfshf tyk;te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;;. ,e;epiyikapd; gpujpgyd;jhd; jpUf;Nfhzkiy jkpoh; ;fspd; tuyhw;W chpikfSk;> milahsq;fSk;> tzf;f];jyq;fSk;> tho;tplq;fSk;> tho; thjhuq;fSk; gbg;gbahf gwpNgha;> vjph;fhyj;jpy; jpUf;Nfhzkiyapy; jkpoh;fsp;d; ,Ug;Ng Nfs;tpf;Fs;shfpAfs;s jw;NghJ fz;Kd;Nd njopthfj; njhpfpd;w epiyik ,Jjhd;.j.g.f.,af;f epy tptfhuk; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; tpthjpg;gjd; %yk; Vw;glf;$ba ghjfkhd #o jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;s Vw;;Gilajhf Nkw;gb mikg;gpd; Kf;fpa];jh;fs; ifahz;l jw;jpNugha khw;Wj; jpl;lNk fkj;njhopy; fhy;eil tsh;g;G nrad;Kiw gapw;r;rp epiya nraw;jpl;lkhFk;..

Nkw;gb gapw;rp epiyaj;jpw;fhd gzpg;ghsuhfTk; NghjdhrphpauhfTk; j.g.f.,af;fj;jpdhy; epakdk; nra;ag;gl;lth;. fhy;eil itj;jpah; xUtuhFk;;. ,tUf;F tptrhaj;Jiw njhlh;gpy; vJ tpj jfikAk; ,y;iy. ,e;epakdj;jpy; ,Ue;J njhpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba xd;Wjhd;> fkj;njhopy; fhy;eil gapw;;rp epiyak; vd;gJ jkpo; gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;w cahpa Nehf;fj;ij Kd;itj;J ngwg;gl;l epyq;fis RUl;bf;nfhs;s ifahsg;gl;l #o;r;rpfukhd je;jpNughak; vd;gjhFk;;.

Nkw;gb jpl;lj;jpw;fikthf gapw;rp epiyaj;jpw;fhd tFg;giw> khzth; jq;FtpLjp> mtw;Wf;fhd jsghlq;fs;> mlq;fyhf gapw;rp epiyaj;jpw;f;F Njitahd csT ,ae;jpuk; Kjw;nfhz;L gapw;rp epiya kpd; Njitia G+h;j;jp nra;a kpd;gpwg;ghf;fp ,ae;jpuk; (n[dNul;lh;) tiuapy; Njitahd midj;J cgfuzq;fSk; Cgfuzq;fSk; nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;lJ. $lNt gapw;r;rp epiya KfhikahsUf;fhd cj;jpNahfG+h;t thr];jyKk; fl;bKbf;fg;gl;lJ. gapw;rp epiya j;Jf;Fj; Njitahd Ma;T$lnkhd;iw j.g.f.,af;f jpUf;Nfhzkiy gpuNjr cWg;gpdUk; Vw;Wkjp> ,wf;Fkjp Jiwrhh; th;j;jfUkhd mkuj;Jtk; va;jpa MWKfehjd; ed;nfhilahf fl;bf; nfhLj;jhh;. Nkw;f;nfhz;L gapw;rp epiyaj;ij tp];jhpg;gjw;fhf 500 Vf;fh; epyj;ij ePz;lfhy Fj;jif mbg;gilapy; toq;f md;iwa muR Kd;te;jJ. ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; j.g.f .,af;fk; rhh;ghf jpUf;Nfhzkiyapy; jPtpukhf nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jth; fhyQ;nrd;w nry;tj;JiuahFk;. ,tiu xypth; nry;yj;Jiu vd;Nw jpUf;Nfhzkiyapy; nry;ykhf miog;gh;. ,th; 1983 ,df;fytuj;jpd;NghJ jpUf;Nfhzkiy gd;Fsk; fpuhkj;jpy; itj;J Nghpdthjpfspd; ,dtd;Kiwf;F gypahdth;. ,e;j kdpjh; gapw;rp epiyak; jpUf;Nfhzkiyapy; mike;jpU g;gjdhYk; jpUf;Nfhzkiy epyg;gug;Gfis jpl;lkpl;l rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wq;fspy; ,Ue;J jkpoh; gpuNjrq;fis ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;f;F Vw;GilajhfTk;> Nkw;gb 500 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;ig gd;Fsk; fpuhkj;ij mz;ba muRf;Fhpj;jhd fhl;Lg;gFjpapy; ngwNtz;Lk; vd j.g.f.,af;fj;jpd; jiyikj;Jtj;Jld; thjpl;lhh;;. MapDk; Nkw;gb j.g.f.,af;fj;jpd; jiyik mij epuhfhpj;J> neLq;Nfzp gpuNrj;jpd; “ntbitj;jfy;.” gFjpapy; mur fhzp 500 Vf;fh; epyj;ij 99tUl Fj;jiff;Fg; ngw;W> mjw;f;F “ehtyh; Njhl;lk;” vdg; ngah; #l;bdh;. 500Vf;fh; epyj;ij ngwkWj;jikf;F cg;Gntsp gapw;rp epiya gzpg;ghsuhfTk;> NghjdhrphpauhfTk; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;j fhy;eil itj;jpah; 500Vf;fh; epyg;gug;ig ifahs Ntz;ba nghWg;G jd;kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;LtpLk; vd;gjhy;> gd;Fsk;gFjpapy; murepyk; ngWk; MNyridia Kwpabj;jhh; vdj; njhpatUfpwJ. ,t;tptfhuj;jpy; nry;yj;JiuAk; gzpg;ghsh; n[fehjDk; nghpastpy; Kuz;gl;Lf; nfhz;ljhfTk;> gpd;dh; nry;yj;Jiu kPjhf tPz;gopfs; Rkj;jp> mtiu j.g.f.,af;fg; gzpfspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;w gapw;rp epiya gzpg;ghsuhd n[fehjDk; mttUf;F gf;fgykhf jpUf;Nfhzkiy gpuNjr cWg;gpdUk;> ek;gpf;if nghWg;ghsh; rig cWg;gpdUkhd fpwp\;zjhrd; nray;gl;ljhTk; $wg;gLfpwJ. Mf jdpkdpjdpd; tpUg;G ntWg;GfSf;F Kd;Dhpik nfhLj;J jpUf;Nfhzkiyapd; ePz;lfhy eyid vl;bcijj;jdh; vdr;nrhy;yyhk;. (rpq;fsf; FbNaw;wk; gw;wp ntl;bf;$r;ry; NghLgth;fs; jiyia gpa;j;Jf; nfhs;sl;Lk;) ,t;thwhd epiyikfspd; kj;jpapy; mtru mtrukhf nray;gl;l fkj;njhopy; - fhy;eil gapw;r;rp epiyak; 1967y; Muk;gkhfp FWfpa fhyj;Jld; jdJ MAl;fhyj;ij Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. Mf epyr; ;nrhe;jf;fhuh;fspd; ftdj;ij jpirjpUg;gp mth;fspd; fhJf;F G+r;Rw;wpaijj; jtpu jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofj;ij cUthf;f xd;Wgl;L Kd;te;j jkpo; kf;fSf;F fkj;njhopy; fhy;eil gapw;rp epiyak; ve;j ed;ikiaAk; mspj;jpUf;ftpy;iy vd;gJjhd; cz;ik.

gapw;rp epiyak; KbTf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;lNj jtpu Nghjdhrphpahpd; gjtpAk; rpw;Whspah;fspd; epakdKk; njhlh;e;jJ. gapw;rrp epiyaj; Njitf;fhf tsh;f;fg;gl;l rpWvz;zpf;ifapyhd Nfhopfs;> jhuhf;fs;> MLfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd nrytPdq;fs; j.g.f.,af;fj;jpd; epjpapypUe;Nj nryT na;ag;gLtJ gw;wp j.g.f.,af;f eph;thfk; fLfsNtDk; ftiy nfhs;stpy;iy. jkpo; kf;fs; jkJ gps;isfspd; cah;fy;tpj; Njitia vjph;ghh;j;J ngUj;jek;gpf;ifAld; thhptsq;fpa epjp tPNz nryT nra;ag;gl;lJ. kWGwkhf nfhOk;G jiyikg; gzpaf thlif> Cspah; rk;gsk;> lhk;gpfkhd eph;thfr; nryTfs; vd kpfNtfkhf j.g.f.,af;fj;jpd; f[hdhit tpOq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

,t;tpjkhd ghpjhgfukhd epiyf;Fj; j.g.f.,af;fk; js;sg;gl;bUe;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; mjd; Muk;gfhy gpuKfh;fs; gyUk; j.g.f.,af;f jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; nghWg;gw;w Nghf;fpy; mjpUg;j;jp nfhz;L xJq;fpf; nfhz;ldh;. mjpcah; murgjtpfspy; ,Ue;J Xa;Tngw;w MOk;tl;lhu Kf;fp a];jh;fspd; mgpkhdj;Jf;Fhpath;fSkhd Kjpath;fs; rpyUk;> ,t;thwhdth;fspd; r%fg;gw;ww;w tul;Lf; fTut Ngf;Ff;Ff;F Kw;wpYk; vjph;khWhdth;fSk; jPtpu ,dg;gw;W nfhz;lth;fSk; Fwpg;ghf tlkhtl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J cah; fy;tpf;fhf nfhOk;gpy; jq;fpape;j jkpo; ,ioQh;fs; rpyUk;> ,th;fSf;F rkhe;jpukhd jkpo; murCspah;fs; rptUk; vd kpfr;rpW mstpyhdth; fSNk j.g.f.,af;fj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fshf fhzg;gl;lhYk Xa;T+jpak; ngWk; Kjpath;fspd; nghOJ Nghf;Ff;fhd rq;fkhfNt j.g.f.,af;fk; fhzg;glJ.

,Wjpahf nfhOk;G nts;stj;ij mnyf;rhd;lh; tPjp jiyik gzpafj;jpd; thlifia nrYj;j Kbahj tq;FNuhj;J epiyapy; jiyikg; gdzpafk; Nkw;gb mig;gpd; ePz;lfhy cWg;gpdhpd; jatpy; me;j ngUe;jiff;Fr; nrhe;jkhd “rhe;jk” vd miof;fg;gl;l fl;blj;Jf;F khw;wg;gl;lJ. ehtyh; kz;lg Ehyfj;Jf;Fhpajhd Eht;fs; kw;Wk; jsghlq;fs; Mfpait rpy cWg;gpdh;fs;> Cspah;fspd; tPLfSf;F ghJfhg;gjw;;fhf vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;ljhfTk; mtw;wpw;F vd;d ele;jJ vd;gJ ,Jtiu vJtpj tpguq;fSk; ntspaplg;gltpy;iy. Vy;.V.hp. tpy;ypak;]; gapw;r;rp epiya gzpg;ghsuhf nghWg;Ngw;wjd; gpd;G ehtyh; Ehyfj;jpw;f;Fhpj;jhd Ehy;fs; mtw;iw ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUe;j fz;zhb mYkhhpfisAk; nfhOk;gpypUe;J cg;Gntsp gapw;rp epiya mYtyfj; ;jpw;f;F vLj;Jte;J ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUe;jhh;.

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